WHAT IS IT?
Medically, it is a deformity of the big toe's metatarsophalangeal joint, where the toe deviates outwards and the metatarsal inwards. In simple terms, we observe a progressively larger bump forming on the inner side of the foot near the big toe.
WHY DOES THIS HAPPEN?
The exact causes are not established, but we can identify contributing factors. These include inappropriate footwear, various inflammatory joint diseases, even female gender, older age, and genetic factors. If you have a mother, grandmother, or aunt diagnosed with this deformity, you have up to a 90% chance of having it as well!
HOW TO RECOGNIZE IT?
Sometimes this deformity, while it is not yet large, can go unnoticed, so it is very important to pay attention to your feet and examine them yourselves from time to time. Although most often patients only become concerned when discomfort arises while wearing shoes. Shoes pinch, cause discomfort, and corns appear precisely in the area of the big toe's metatarsophalangeal joint.
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO RECOGNIZE THIS DEFORMITY?
When hallux valgus is noticed early, conservative treatment is possible - exercises, massages, toe separators, etc. Unfortunately, from practice, I observe that it is not always effective. It does not restore the joint to its original position, but it slows down the progression of the deformity and thus postpones the need for surgery.
Since changes occur in the joint, over time, due to altered biomechanics, joint arthrosis (wear and tear) begins to develop. When we have significant joint arthrosis, the main treatment method is joint arthrodesis (surgery during which the remaining joint cartilage is removed and the bones are joined with the help of metal structures). After this operation, the joint, simply put, no longer moves, as it is essentially gone. This, of course, makes walking difficult. Also, hallux valgus often comes with other toe deformities, especially "hammer toes," which prevent the toe from fully straightening. Therefore, it is very important to notice this deformity in time and seek help!
WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT METHODS?
As I mentioned, we begin treating Hallux valgus with conservative methods. It is necessary to choose appropriate footwear, wider shoes to prevent corns from forming; orthopedic splints, silicone toe separators, insoles, stretching exercises, taping, and physiotherapy also help. However, most often patients turn to us, orthopedic traumatologists, when the deformity has already significantly progressed, and surgical treatment is required. But there's no need to be afraid!
WHAT DOES THE SURGERY LOOK LIKE?
I have participated in many hallux valgus correction surgeries and can assure you that it really shouldn't scare you! During the operation, a several-centimeter incision is made specifically in the area of the affected joint. Depending on the severity of the deformity, there are several different techniques, involving bone cuts and fixation with plates or screws. The ligaments of this joint are also released. And the result is visible immediately after the operation!
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
When can I return to normal life after surgery?
After surgery, we usually discharge patients from the hospital on the same or the next day. It is important to care for the wound at home for two weeks, so this period has the most restrictions (swimming pools, saunas are not allowed, dressing needs to be changed every 1-2 days). Typically, after surgery, we recommend wearing an orthopedic brace and limiting physical activity on the operated leg for at least 6 weeks. In some cases, the recovery period may be longer, and discomfort can be felt for up to 6 months. However, most patients return to their normal daily routine after 1-2 months. It is important to visit an orthopedic traumatologist for a follow-up consultation after surgery, during which X-rays are taken and bone healing is evaluated.
How long does pain last after surgery?
Pain can be quite intense. After surgery, patients must undergo a fairly long rehabilitation process to restore normal foot movement and reduce pain. Surgical results and pain perception can vary greatly. Some people may experience less pain and go through the rehabilitation process faster, while others may experience greater discomfort and a longer recovery. It is important to cooperate with your doctor and follow their recommendations.
Will I have to live with metal implants?
This question often arises for patients after various orthopedic traumatic surgeries. The answer is simple: if the implants do not cause discomfort, you can live with them! Modern plates and screws are even safe for magnetic resonance imaging and are undetectable when passing through airport security. However, if irritation of surrounding tissues or pain arises due to the implants, then they can be removed. Typically, removal surgery is straightforward, and no activity restrictions are needed afterward.
Can I wear high heels after surgery?
Of course! Once we see that the bone has healed and we allow the brace to be removed, you can enjoy high heels again. It is important that wearing high heels does not cause pain or discomfort, so each of us must decide individually and listen to our bodies.
Do you have questions? Write to me, and we will try to find the most suitable solution to your problems together!
Karolina
